Matthew 16:14
"You are the Christ, the Son of the living God."
Readings for Sunday: Isaiah, Romans, Matthew
Reflection:
Beneath St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome lies one of Christianity’s most fascinating archaeological discoveries: a first-century necropolis and, according to the Catholic Church, the tomb of St. Peter, the apostle and first Pope. Excavated in the 1940s—even during World War II and the Nazi occupation of Rome—the site can still be visited today through the Vatican’s Scavi tour. Above it stands the basilica’s main altar, built directly over Peter’s tomb. The Catholic Church really is built on top of St. Peter!
But why Peter? When Jesus asked his disciples, “Who do you say that I am?” Simon answered, “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.” Jesus replied, “Blessed are you, Simon son of Jonah,” explaining that this truth had been revealed to him by God. Then Jesus gave Simon a new name: “You are Πέτρος and upon this rock I will build my church.”
The Greek word Πέτρος (Petros) is literally the word for “rock,” and is translated into English as “Peter.” Peter eventually went to Rome, where he became the leader of the Christian community and was martyred. His successors, as bishops of Rome, came to be understood as successors to Peter.
Jesus also gave Peter “the keys to the kingdom of heaven,” granting him a unique responsibility to teach, govern, and preserve the Church’s unity. Those keys refer to the power and authority of the official representative of the king in Israel.
This representative, in older times called a vicar, functioned like a modern-day chief of staff, who controlled access to the King and spoke for him. We see this in Isaiah 22:20-22, “On that day I will summon my servant Eliakim, son of Hilkiah; I will clothe him with your robe, gird him with your sash,
confer on him your authority. He shall be a father to the inhabitants of Jerusalem,
and to the house of Judah. I will place the key of the House of David on his shoulder; what he opens, no one will shut, what he shuts, no one will open.” This does not mean every Pope, as the successor of St. Peter, is a saint or that everything a Pope says is infallible? No. Papal infallibility is narrowly defined, concerning faith and morals under specific conditions.
So why have a Pope? Ultimately, Catholics believe it is because Jesus gave Peter—and his successors—a special role: to keep the Church united and faithful to Christ.
Reflection Questions
- What does Jesus calling Peter “the rock” and giving him “the keys to the kingdom” reveal about Peter’s role in the Church?
- Why do you think the Catholic Church believes that the Pope, as Peter’s successor, has a special responsibility to preserve the Church’s unity and faithfulness to Christ?
- How does learning about St. Peter’s tomb beneath St. Peter’s Basilica deepen your understanding of the connection between the early Church and the Catholic Church today?








